AFAA Personal Trainer Certification Practice Exam

What cellular structure is primarily involved in oxidative processes?

1. Ribosome

2. Nucleus

3. Mitochondria

4. Lysosome

The correct answer is: Mitochondria

The mitochondria are often referred to as the "powerhouses of the cell" because they play a critical role in energy production through oxidative processes. In particular, mitochondria are responsible for oxidative phosphorylation, a key metabolic pathway that generates adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the primary energy currency of the cell. This process occurs within the inner mitochondrial membrane, where the electron transport chain operates, utilizing electrons derived from nutrients to create an energy gradient that ultimately drives ATP synthesis. Additionally, the mitochondria are involved in various metabolic functions, including the Krebs cycle (also known as the citric acid cycle), which generates electron carriers that are essential for the electron transport chain. Through these processes, mitochondria not only produce ATP but also play a role in regulating cellular metabolism, signaling, and apoptosis. Ribosomes are involved in protein synthesis, while the nucleus houses genetic material and regulates gene expression. Lysosomes contain enzymes for digestion and waste recycling within the cell. None of these structures are primarily associated with the oxidative processes that occur in the mitochondria.