AFAA Personal Trainer Certification Practice Exam

Which component of a healthy diet are phytonutrients specifically known to protect against?

1. Antioxidants

2. Heart disease

3. Diseases caused by pathogens

4. Vitamin deficiencies

The correct answer is: Diseases caused by pathogens

Phytonutrients are compounds found in plants that provide various health benefits, including antioxidant effects, anti-inflammatory properties, and support for overall health. While phytonutrients may indirectly contribute to lower risks of diseases caused by pathogens due to their immune-boosting properties, their most recognized role is in protecting against chronic diseases, particularly heart disease and certain types of cancer. For the selected answer, diseases caused by pathogens typically refer to infections resulting from bacteria, viruses, and other microbes. While phytonutrients may play a role in bolstering the body’s defense system, they are not primarily recognized for this action. Instead, their major contributions are related to reducing the risk of chronic health issues, primarily through their antioxidant capabilities, which combat oxidative stress and inflammation. Choosing the option related to heart disease would be more accurate, as many studies have shown that diet rich in phytonutrients can reduce the risks associated with cardiovascular conditions, through mechanisms such as lowering blood pressure and improving cholesterol levels. In summary, phytonutrients are primarily associated with supporting heart health and helping to prevent chronic diseases rather than directly protecting against diseases caused by pathogens.